II only) .
Combining these with an X egg will produce the syndromes described
above plus XYY (Jacobs)
.
offspring, generally fall in the normal range of IQ, and have no
distinguishing characteristics. Many are considered "shy" when young
and may be delayed in social development. There is great tendency for
metal retardation when there are 4, 5, or 6-X chromosomes present.
Overall frequency: about 1 in 4,000 live births.
problems with "spatial" tests but otherwise tend to fall in the normal IQ
range.
Development of secondary sex characteristics and stature can be
addressed by hormone therapy. Heart and kidney problems are also
common. Frequency: 1 in 2,000 to 1 in 2,500 live female births
testes, generally lag in development of language skills, and often display
breast development at puberty. The latter is easily treated with
testosterone, but fertility is not restored. Frequency is estimated at 1 in
500 to 1 in 1,000 male births.
acne but are fertile and have XY and XX children. As a group they
generally fall near the normal IQ range. Although there is increased
"risk" for XYY males to end up in penal institutions (about 1 in 300 males
in prison is XYY compared to 1 in 1,000 at birth) the vast majority are in
the normal population. Early studies suggesting "super" aggressive male
behavior have not been borne out.
determinant of sex in humans is the presence or absence of the Y
chromosome, which is determined at fertilization; no Ys results in female
development; 1 Y, no matter how many Xs, produces male development.