Questions 1-21, 3pts each; questions 22-28, 1pt each; questions 29-32, 14pts: total 84 pts.
1. What are the distinctive properties of all living systems?
a complicated and highly organized
b. contain structures with functional purposes
c . extract and utilize energy from the environment
d. remarkable fidelity for self replication
e. sequester the genome in a nucleus
Choose the correct answer
A: all the above
B: a, b, c, and d
C: b, c and d
D: c and d
E: a, c, d, and e
2. All organisms contain:
a: a plasma membrane
b. a nucleus
c. organelles
d. cytoplasm
e. supramolecular structures
Choose the correct answer.
A: all the above
B: a, d, e.
C: a, b, c
D: b, c
E: b, c, d, e.
3. Name the organelle that contains hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes with acidic pH optimums for controlled degradation of intracellular components as well as the intracellular digestion of materials entering the cell by phagocytosis and pinocytosis.
A: Golgi apparatus
B: mitochondria
C: lysosome
D: peroxisome
E: chloroplast
4. Amphipathic molecules like olive oil (oleic acid) contain:
A. charged groups
B. hydrophobic groups
C. two charged groups of opposite sign
D. both charged and hydrophobic groups
E. a weak acid and a weak base
5. The pH of blood plasma is 7.4 and the pH of gastric juice is 1.4. Compared to blood plasma, the [H+] of gastric juice is:
A: 5.29 times higher
B: 6 times higher
C: 6x107 times higher
D: 106 times higher
E: 0.189 times the [H+] of the blood sample.
6. A H-bond:
A. has an energy of about 400 kJ/mol.
B. contains two hydrogen atoms.
C. is entirely covalent in nature.
D. has a hydrogen atom between an oxygen atom and a nitrogen atom.
E. is entirely non-covalent in nature.
7. The physiologically important buffers are;
a. acetic acid
b. hemoglobin
c. myoglobin
d. phosphate
e. CO2 HCO3--
Choose the correct answer.
A. all the above
B. b. c, d, e
C. b, d, e
D. c, d
E. b, e
8. The condensation of an acid with an alcohol gives a/an:
A: anhydride
B: amide
C: phosphodiester
D: ester
E: amine
9. The chemical bond linking nucleotides in a nucleic acid is a/an:
A: anhydride
B: amide
C: phosphodiester
D: ester
E: amine
10. Which two groups of an alpha amino acid react to form a peptide bond?
A. the alcohol and acid groups
B. the amine and acid groups
C. the 3'-OH and the 5'-OH
D. the amine and alcohol groups
E. none of the above
11. The peptide bond:
A: has double bond character
B: is planar
C: has restricted rotation
D: has a trans configuration
E: all the above
12. The repeating structural motifs making up the secondary structure of proteins, the alpha-helix and beta-sheet, maximize the number of:
A. intramolecular hydrogen bonds
B. electrostatic interactions
C. hydrophobic interactions
D. intramolecular disulfide bonds
E. all of the above
13. Some proteins spontaneously fold up into their native, 3-D tertiary structure. The most important determinant of this spontaneous folding is:
A. interactions with solvent
B. pH and ionic strength of solvent
C. the primary structure of the protein
D. disulfide bonds
E. ionic bonds
14. The biological functions of nucleotides are:
a. genetic material
b. structural
c. enzymes
d. transport
e. protection
Choose the correct answer.
A: b, c, d, e
B: a, b, c
C. all the above
D: a, c, d, e
E: a, c, e
15. The biological functions of proteins are:
a. genetic material
b. structural
c. enzymes
d. transport
e. protection
Choose the correct answer.
A: b, c, d, e
B: a, b, c
C. all the above
D: a, c, d, e
E: a, c, e
16. Key features of the Watson-Crick model for DNA are:
a. two parallel chains running 5'ý3'
b. complementary strands
c. bases on the inside
d. A forms 2 H-bonds with T and G forms 3 H-bonds with C
e. phosphomonoester backbone outside
Choose the correct answer.
A: all the above
B: a, b, c, d
C: a, b, c
D: b, c, d, e
E: b, c, d
17. Replication is:
A: semi-conservative
B: uni-directional
C: catalyzed by RNA polymerase
D: requires splicing of exons
E: in the 3'ý 5' direction
18. Proof reading of genetic information during the processes of the central dogma is provided by:
A: DNA polymerase
B: RNA polymerase
C: aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
D: codon-anticodon interaction on the ribosome
E: all the above
19. Enzymes:
A: accelerate rates of reactions without being changed by the reaction
B: accelerate rates of reactions without altering the equilibrium position
C: accelerate rates of reactions by lowering the free energy of activation
D: are stereospecific and stereoselective for substrate and product
E: all the above
20. Most enzymes have Km values that are:
A: <<[S]
B: <[S]
C: =[S]
D: = or >[S]
E: >>[S]
21. The oxidation of complex molecules to CO2, H2O, etc, is a definition of:
A: metabolism
B: catabolism
C: anabolism
D: a metabolon
E: none of the above
Look at this is the structure of GTP.
22. Ring A is:
A: purine
B: pyrimidine
C: ribose
D: deoxyribose
E: urea
23. Ring E is:
A: purine
B: pyrimidine
C: ribose
D: deoxyribose
E: urea
24. Functional group B is:
A: amine
B: carbonyl
C: ester
D: anhydride
E: amide
25. Functional group C is:
A: amine
B: carbonyl
C: ester
D: anhydride
E: amide
26. Functional group F is:
A: amine
B: carbonyl
C: ester
D: anhydride
E: amide
27. Functional group G is:
A: amine
B: carbonyl
C: ester
D: anhydride
E: amide
28. Bond D is:
A: anhydride bond
B: phosphodiester bond
C: ester bond
D: amide bond
E: glycosidic bond
29.(5pts) Describe how to measure an enzyme catalyzed reaction.
30.(3pts) What are the 3 types of enzyme inhibition?
31.(3pts) Classify this amino acid.
32.(3pts) What structural and biochemical changes occurred when prokaryotes evolved into eukaryotes?
1B 2B 3C 4D 5D 6D 7C 8D 9C 10B 11E 12A 13C 14B 15A 16E 17A 18E 19E 20D 21B 22A 23C 24B 25A 26C 27D 28E
29. constant amount of enzyme.
vary substrate concentration
measure substrate loss or product gain
accurate measurements of rates (events/time)
graphical representation of data
30. competitive
non-competitive
irreversible
31. non-polar (hydrophobic), or polar but uncharged, or charged.
32. more DNA, compact folding into chromatin
intracellular membrane systems, compartments such as nucleus, golgi, peroxisomes
symbiotic relationships producing mitochondria, chloroplasts